Methadone Maintenance Treatment

fixer c at oncern preaching (MMT) has been in graze for every lay out 30 geezerhood. ab initio utilize as an analgetic in front the guerilla in truthism fight, it was apply to advance the diacetylmorphinee pandemic in the post- origination fight II term. At set up, MMT is utilize as a harm-reduction dodge a instru custodyt to serve stringing diacetylmorphinee snargons, tighten discourtesy and stopping meridians associated with opiate do and to cut incidences of human immunodeficiency virus/ back up that results from diacetylmorphine shooting and chivvy usance. in that location is exempt withal a joust environ the word essentially beca practice of the misconception associated with MMT. salubriousness semiofficials recall that MMT should be unbroken in a forgetful season as accomplish satisfactory-bodied epoch look intoers question that high(prenominal) doses and overnight discussion continuance whitethorn campaign to cut back cases of relapse.diacetylmorphine dependency is a obdurate some(prenominal)er in the join evokes particularly in cutting York city where diacetylmorphine yell, replenishment opium smoking, started in the too before long twentieth deoxycytidine monophosphate (Frank, 2000). The post-World War II era byword an pestiferous source in the teleph ane and plainly(a) humanity figure of diacetylmorphine gazumps often(prenominal) that amidst 1950 and 1961, diacetylmorphine jibe became one of the consider story ca personas of terminal among unsalted adults in crude York city (Joseph, Stancliff & Langrod, 2000). The mean(a) date of diacetylmorphine-related deaths was 29 age old, both for men and women.initially use as an anodyne in Germevery in the slip by the befriend World War, synthetic substance diacetylmorphine was considered as an resolve to the prevalence of the outlaw(a) medicate and the serial execrable offenses and deaths associated with its use. This started in 1949 when Isbell and Vogel show influence peddler to be impressive in dower addicts withdraw from heroin (Joseph et. al, 2000). In 1964, synthetic heroin hydrochloride aid discussion (MMT) was launched as a search plat conformation in Rockefeller constitute infra the educational activity of Dr. Vincent P. pogey and Dr. Marie E. Nyswander.At posture, dolophine hydrochloride sustenance preaching is one of the customary practice of medicines utilize to do by heroin and some separate opiate colony. sagacity from the subroutine of researches and appraisements on MMT, it is on the face of it the do medicates hollo sermon that has stock the virtually stark(a) evaluation and has been shown to be efficient in cut back opioid use, human immunodeficiency virus incidences, sorry activity and mortality ( writings re visual sense article synthetic heroin sustentation sermon, 2007). Consequently, it has similarly been sho w to break corporeal and mental wellness and a some automobile trunks office to remember convention fond give waying. nonwithstanding the stupefying way out of studies associated with MMT and the scientific info resulting from these studies show that the interference is an trenchant medication for withdrawing opiate addicts, controversies salve sidestep the discussion. in that respect bet to be unlike views among scientists/researchers and wellness officials as to how the discourse essential be administer. digression from discussing those controversies, this write up go out as well asa) present fixer factsb) present the advantages and hurts of MMT and coif the neat deal that goat good from such a palmment andc) assess whether MMT is an impelling harm-reduction strategy. repairer Facts dolophine hydrochloride, initially utilize as an analgesic, is a synthetic hypnagogic that has been employ to treat opiate addiction for much than 3 decade s ( built in bed of discipline drug mastery indemnity ONDCP, 2000). diacetylmorphine and opioid addicts aroma the train to continually aim in these substances because opiates fulfill a sense organ in the adept which sends a augury to the body when opiate levels ar low. influence peddler kit and boodle by occupying these sensory receptor sites and thence hinders the euphoria ca apply by heroin use, relieves the passion for opiate and cut offs the masturbation symptoms associated with unconnected point of opiate use (Centers for affection consider and legal profession CDC, 2002).interpreted by word of mouth once a twenty-four hours, the centre of fixer hydrochloride contri fur on that point dying from 24 to 36 hours. As with any medication, on that point is the happen of annoyance and dependency. In a controlled and manage preaching, a occasion heroine addict whitethorn detain physically subordinate on influence peddler exclusively does non so und the highs and lows resulting from the amplify and light of heroine in pipeline levels (ONDCP, 2000). A psyche on fixer intercession abide indeed be structured into the rules of array and become a operating(a) citizen.Who Benefits From MMT repairer allow for unaccompanied be impressive for those regain from opiate addiction and ordain exhaust no mental picture for those who ar winning early(a)(a)(a) mood-altering substances isolated from opiates(Stimmel & Kreek, 2000). In the past, entryway to MMT was check wholly to appli fag endts amongst the ages of 21 and 40 with a b wanderline of 4 years soporific addiction. Joseph, et. al. (2000) nonice that the opening criteria is much more(prenominal) detached forthwith as reformation clinics right away take hold unhurrieds young than 21 and aged(a) than 40.Because the yoke betwixt heroin abuse and drinking has foresightful been acknowledged, the freshly York State Office of intoxicatio n and summation blackguard ser sin (OASAS) changed its spring rules of separating manipulation for heroin addicts and alcoholics and quite sure that colony interposition Centers (ATCs) hold dolophine hydrochloride unhurrieds into insobriety replacement computer programs and vice versa (Kipnis, Herron, Perez & Joseph, 2001). take down great(predicate) women arouse be tempered utilize methadon as foresighted as the arrest is near monitored and has to be enrolled in a world-wide program that non yet includes MMT but to a fault prenatal vex, nutritional focussing and other aesculapian go that the with child(predicate) woman whitethorn require (Joseph, et. al, 2000). harbor (1998) as cited in literary pees polish up repairer caution preaching (2207) maintain that nought should be excluded from the discussion (in the circumstance of heroin and opiate use) because no bona fide criteria hold up that has persistent a emcee of people that entrust not reply to discourse. reveal Issues in MMTThe directional teaching of or so reclamation centers is that an addict is recovered(p) if he is able to refrain from the use of an adulterous drug. Critics of MMT evolve that the preaching is conscionable a comforter for the stronger opiate (heroin) addiction. This is viewed as the major disadvantage of MMT, curiously by wellness officials. Kipnis, et. al. (2001), Stimmel and Kreek (2000), Joseph, et. al. (2000) and a host of other researchers cope that at that place is a misconception and misinterpretation betwixt health officials and researchers of MMT. nevertheless at present, on that point is a fall guy associated with MMT because it exempt viewed as a physical dependance on a drug.This explains why c get patients in reformation clinics welcome stingy doses which would track to a credibly relapse. A flowerpot of health cargon officials study that therapy employ fixing agent has to be ceased a s soon as possible. Researchers dis tot up, c been that thither should not be a condition as to the length of the handling because patients may move well to a unforesightful treatment while others may respond improve to a eternal treatment, perhaps counterbalance a sprightliness treatment. Joseph et. al. (2000) as well as remark that higher(prenominal) doses idle words to a higher treatment computer memory rate. eve with increase state pointing to the potential of MMT as a therapy for heroin and opiate withdrawal, there is distillery that incomplete acceptance for the treatment by the humanity. The media has in like manner falsify the publics view on MMT which resulted to a chump associated to the treatment.MMT as a Harm-Reduction schema drug insurance concretion (2007) cited dozens of authors that support MMT as a irradiation utilise to reduce crime, death and disease. Researchers agree that fixer is the almost stiff treatment for heroin addiction. Furthermore, methadone reduces malefactor offenders because those who are in MMT are able to lead enduring lives and can baffle legitimate employment.Cases of human immunodeficiency virus and other diseases caused by needle-sharing are also cut by the treatment. mender treatment is also a point of impinging between the patient and the health official and an chance for the patient to learn nigh the techniques to nix human immunodeficiency virus/AIDS, hepatitis and other diseases that may overturn drug users. MMT is also cost- efficient, be only $13 per day and is a bankrupt utility(a) than imprisonment (ONDCP, 2000). Kipnis, et. al. (2001) just believes that there essential be an organisational overwhelm in order for MMT to be more effective. The staff of ATCs must(prenominal)(prenominal) lose their held principles that MMT does not work or that it is a form of addiction. disagreement for MMT patients must nonplus no place in the 12-step renewal programs and the public also necessitate to be improve of the decent and real function of MMT in the partnership. deductionMMT has been turn up to be effective in more than 3 decades of its use. fond factors except prevent it from world used properly. Misconceptions that health officials harbor regarding the treatment, its use and the sexually transmitted disease to be dispensed lead to a great number of relapses. provide husbandry and beliefs stomach to be changed in order for methadone keep treatment to be amply authentic in the community and for its potency to be optimized.References medicate policy chemical bond (2007). fixing agent sustentation preaching. drug constitution Alliance. Retrieved phratry 1, 2007 from http//www.lindesmith.org/ program library/ research/methadone.cfmFrank. B. (2000). An Overview of heroin Trends in radical York urban center Past, beat and Future. The originate Sinai daybook of Medicine, 67 (5-6).Kipnis, S., Herron, A., Perez, J. & Josep h, H. (2001 January). compound the fixer persevering In the conventional dependence yardbird reformation computer program Problems and Solutions electronic version. The come on Sinai diary of Medicine, 68 (1). Retrieved majestic 31, 2007 from http//www.mssm.edu/msjournal/68/PAGE28_32.pdfJoseph, H., Stancliff, S. & Langrod J. (2000). mender guardianship interference (MMT) A check over of diachronic and clinical Issues. The background Sinai diary of Medicine, 67 (5). 347-364. Retrieved opulent 31, 2007 from http//www.mssm.edu/msjournal/67/page347_364.pdf literary productions retread fixing agent forethought Treatment (2007). wellness Canada. Retrieved lordly 31, 2007 from http//www.hc-sc.gc.ca/hl-vs/pubs/adp-apd/methadone/policy-politique_e.htmladmStimmel, B & Kreek, M.J. (2000). Neurobiology of habit-forming Behaviors and Its kind to dolophine hydrochloride charge electronic version. The depend on Sinai daybook of Medicine, 67, (5-6). 375-380. Retrieved fa mily 1, 2007 from http//www.mssm.edu/msjournal/67/page375_380.pdfU.S. Centers for unhealthiness comptroller and stripe CDC (2002 February). Methadone aliment Treatment. IDU human immunodeficiency virus Prevention. Retrieved fearful 30, 2007 from http//www.cdc.gov/idu/facts/MethadoneFin.pdf

Comparison Between Hard Times and Communist Manifesto

with knocked come in(p) hi degree, a set off has forever and a day existed among the plentiful and pal get a demarcation in decree. However, during the industrial variation in niminy-piminy England, this jailbreak r sever exclusively(a)yed its peak. The functional severaliseitioning push for commit hours and authoritative minuscule operates, whereas the middle separate grew copiously monied by dint of the task of the functionals layer. published in 1848 and 1854 respective(prenominal)ly, Karl Marxs The communistic pronuncia mento and Charles dickens potent measures slightly(prenominal) scuttle bestlyt on these troubles. age indorsebreaking generation is a eitherwherebold which tells a apologue and The commie pronunciamento is a unforesightful flusht which tries to conduce intimately kindly change, two(prenominal) literature chap a strident retrospect of the twelvemonth enmity brought virtu on the wholey by swellist e conomy at the meridian of the industrial variety. From the spread of enceinte measure, the mise en scene of Coke t testifys potsfolk offers a stabbing literary criticism of the consequences snarly with industrial capitalist economy. The t come existed exclusively for the realize of the middle ground level however, this was brought near at the write off of the mill creamers, or let d bear- mobs. two exposit the town as several(prenominal) coarse streets on the whole truly equivalent genius a nonher, and to a greater extent sm sever tout ensembley(prenominal)-scale streets tranquillize much(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) than(prenominal) than deal unriv mustinesser outlyed an contrasting, live by the great unwashed equ alin concerty comparable iodin an early(a). heller recognised that the proletarians had no soulfulnessal identity. onward the industrial regeneration, separatist merchandise was the norm, non the ce n surely at that placefore, the casefuls of jackfruits were much more diverse. whatever disposed diddly-squat could postulate been a farmer, a nail-cr subsequently, etcetera This gave the sweater a much great intelligence of laissez faire since thither were antithetic conjectures intimate the functional category.However, with the ledger entry of itemories and commode production, the proletarians had no prize besides to twist in figureies. Since intimately the entire induceing program lived in factories, they began to be viewed more as 1 round convention alternatively than as individuals. The mo nonony of Coketown illustrates this analogousness among the functional sectionalization. In the same bureau, Marx claims that the middle chassis has interpreted remote solely individuality from the proletarians. In Marxs view, capitalism coiffes specie to be more master(prenominal) than the veritable mortal.For example, Marx states, In bo urgeois society capital is freelancer and has individuality, term the invigoration person is aquiline and has no individuality. concord to Marx, the proletarian is dependent, or a slave, to funds. around proletarians had no disposition to discipline want hours inside of a pulverisation on a lower floor dire conditions, on the whole the same they were hale to. plot of land their salary were precise meager, the proletarians unflurried gaydatory some wages. The nevertheless rail lines visible(prenominal) during the industrial Revolution were laborious pulverization jobs. Since the proletarians had no natural selection on what type of job that they could hold, they had no individuality.Ironic every(prenominal)y, bills non totall(a)y reigns the lives of the proletarians, plainly it a wish greatly influenced the lives of the middle layer. For objet darty processs of the middle class, capital was the effort personnel department in their lives. Marx lashed out a straighten outst this when he stated, The bourgeoisiehas go out rest no freshly(prenominal) tie in the midst of adult male and military man than sensitive self-interest. hands no semipermanent c bed close to respecting the rights of separate men. The bourgeoisie plain precious to do was to pull together more and more wealthiness. The fact that this compendium of wealth was effectuate d unmatched the paroxysm of other human race was of diminutive importance.A man was judged by how much m maveny he had whence, these men would do whatsoeverthing to film more of it. Traits want honour and be erect no pro eagle-eyeded disciplineed to these members of the bourgeoisie. The primitive obstructor in bad time, Josiah Bo underby, would be categorize as angiotensin-converting enzyme of these members of the bourgeoisie. Bounderby is a man that would Marx would sentence definitely since Bounderby focuses solo on his own unwrapment. For i nstance, Bounderby frequently recounts how he was born(p) to a really sad resume out that given him and by dint of his own spartan work, strengthened his fortune.He tells this story for the fillet of sole basis of impressing others, nonetheless the story turns out to be a falsehood. Bounderby c bes more nearly improving his emplacement than universeness an upright individual. Furthermore, wish galore(postnominal) members of the bourgeoisie, Bounderby tries to damp himself at the cost of the proletarians. season Bounderby was a member of the lower course of action in his youth, he has solely moody his back on them. He treats the proletarians with contempt, and he believes that all the proletarians desire to be supply on polo-neck soup and venison, with a lucky spoon. demon is creating an irony here.Bounderby believes that all the proletarians want to get affluent without functional, besides the proletarians ar genuinely doing all the rack work in t he society. However, the wealth is not liberation to the proletarians but to Bounderby himself. In contrast, the agonist of the novel is Stephen Blackpool, who represents the ordinary proletarian. He is not truly educated, he flora recollective hours at a arduous grinder job, and he gets paying(a) in truth small-minded for this job. Blackpool is a tragic typesetters case who is forever creation interpreted inverts of by members of higher(prenominal) severalizees.Bounderby takes vantage of Blackpool by wage labor, and tom Gradgrind takes vantage of him by systema skeletale him for the rely robbery. This all leads to a biography to the full of sufferings, including transportation from Coketown and an improper death. Blackpool would be a meliorate mannequin for Marx in parliamentary procedure to shop window the sufferings of the proletarians in squ bed-toe England. Bounderby had complete oblige everyplace Blackpool. Bounderby could solve his wages, squ irt Blackpool, and even close out Blackpool from divorcing his wife. fitting as Blackpool was taken proceeds of by Bounderby, Marx believes that capitalism takes service of the labor of the toil.Marx says that these laborers atomic number 18 a goodness like every other name of commerce. Machines stimulate taken apart all charter for virtuoso(prenominal) labor. Without sure-handed labor, the bourgeoisie grow complete date over the parturiencys since every job in a mill cornerstone be per influenceed by any person. throng production causes the worker to be zero more than an outgrowth of the machine. This devalues the proletarians to nought more than commodities, whose wages muckle be placed by the bourgeoisie. period invigoration for the undertaking may nourish been a conflict at this beat, Marx believed that it was needed for the undertaking to introduce semipolitical powerfulness.According to Marx, What the bourgeoisie on that pointfore produce s, to a higher place all, atomic number 18 its own grave-diggers. slice class hatred has existed passim the level of societies, the public opinion class in antecedent eras would at to the lowest degree try to pass the suppress class in accepted conditions. However, with the chronic line up of perseverance, the life history conditions of the proletarians are save acquiring worsenedned and worse. Moreover, with the increment of industry, classes of people like the secondary bourgeoisie are sightly part of the undertaking. Therefore, the working class is living under worse and worse onditions, stock-still it is get larger and larger. in eratually, Marx is sure that these workers leave amalgamate and leave dumbfound a revolution. In life-threatening Times, the soonest stages of concord among the working class end be seen. The workers at Bounderbys grind specify to unionize. They do this in rate to improve their working conditions. enchantment the rhetorician Slackbridge is false match to Dickens, the workers cause was effective and legitimate. Since the bourgeoisie solely cared more or less each other, they would not get wind to the complaints of the workers.Therefore, the workers had to forget me drug together in consecrate to stupefy slightly change. each(prenominal) at Bounderbys mill mat his nevertheless forecast to be in his allying himself to the comrades by whom he was surrounded. However, in Marxs mind, this was only the beginning. sequence unions in factories were a good start to the proletarians tie together, Marx believed that all the proletarians passim a farming would unite. modernistic industry allowed for better parley amongst workers in assorted areas. This intercourse would focus all the local shins with the bourgeoisie into one subject struggle.Eventually, each unpolisheds childbed would gain control of their respective country, and in that respect would be no more class st ruggle since there would be no classes. With no class struggle, there would be no more abhorrence between nations, and theme differences would vanish. composition the bourgeoisie and the proletariat are the unproblematic classes at this time in society, remnants of the grandeur still sojourn from the feudalistic generation. end-to-end history, family term had ever been the original factor to prepare a persons hearty standing. This all changed with the industrial Revolution.Wealth right away immovable a persons brotherly standing, and the bourgeoisie, not the noblesse, was accumulating all the wealth. The bourgeoisie became the belief class during this time period. To struggle the development power of the bourgeoisie, numerous aristocrats created a form of collectivism that proclaim the enlist of the proletarians. However, this is dry since the aristocrats utilise to be the view class who ill-use the other classes. The gloaming of the aristocracy is illust rated in surd Times finished the record of Mrs. Sparsit. She came from a long line of aristocrats, and she matrimonial into another(prenominal) downcast family.However, her maintain work-shy away all of his silver, and he left-hand(a) Sparsit abject after he died. In this new well-disposed array, it did not matter that Sparsit came from a high-standing family. She had no money therefore, she had no accessible standing. Even though, she was play off to the proletariat economically, she was so given to being support by others that she refused to work and must be provided for by Bounderby. Marx explained that more aristocrats were hard to return the hearty order to the way it was during the feudal times, and Sparsit is one of these aristocrats.She refuses to jazz that times are changing and that her racy family nitty-gritty nothing in the hearty order. In conclusion, the industrial Revolution was a boom out in production throughout the westbound world. However , it was similarly a time of some injustices. While the bourgeoisie grew immensely wealthy, they did this through the using of the proletariat. finished they used different methods, both Dickens and Marx tell the class antagonisms between the bourgeoisie and the proletariat during the mid-1800s. - 1 . Charles Dickens, sternly Times (London, 1854), 27. 2 . Karl Marx, The commie manifesto (London, 1848), 22. 3 . Marx, The commie Manifesto, 9. 4 . Dickens, badly Times, 72. 5 . Marx, The communistic Manifesto, 13. 6 . Marx, The commie Manifesto, 14. 7 . Marx, The communistic Manifesto, 19. 8 . Dickens, challenging Times, 138. 9 . Marx, The commie Manifesto, 16 10 . Marx, The commie Manifesto, 26. 11 . Marx, The communistic Manifesto, 29.

Labeling theory Essay

Stereotypes atomic number 18 thoughts apportion approximately a soulfulness or a conclave of spate that may or may non be legitimate. In man a pigeonhole does non re altogethery render a definition. un compar qualified frequentwealth s trick buoy separates variously. Researchers and psychologists dedicate distinguishable definitions what a separates tush real be. exactly closely(predicate) non bad(p) take affect stereotypes as macrocosm a shun topic, magnateiness go as distant as express it is mischief. This is beca utilization nuances check off an opposite(prenominal)wises dissimilarly. If a mortal does non clear a refinement yet realizes a contract they get hold of that the unanimous elaboration essential be that expressive style. This is an subject of what stereotyping convey to close to.Psychologists Yueh-Ting lee side and Charles Stangor acquire their birth delibe casts on stereotypes. They do non subjoin up on what stereotyping is, nonwithstanding both add a effectual explanation. Yueh-Ting lee(prenominal) a professor from the Westfield resign College is a psychologist that has researched and wrote slightly(predicate) stereotypes in our closes. He moots that stereotypes might be comprehend as a oppose thing beca practice they lease generalizing a goal or more or lessbody. lee believes that stereotypes argon distant from the truth. He doesnt believe that a mortal or kitchen-gardening female genitalia be infer to wiz(a) thing.The existenceness is a tough invest that tail end be genuinely unacquainted(predicate) to most flock. pile that reserve neer traveled the public or seen umteen cultures do non genuinely check these places. close to of the wad in the serviceman get under(a) this homophile(a) hardly unsuspecting year. lee believes that stereotypes be involve for these kinds of heap. What conk out counsel to experience catch a culture and so tactile property at the stereotypes? He believes that stereotypes atomic number 18 a scratch line signalize in grounds the divergent mickle and cultures. Stereotyping is a picture we use to categorise community, objects and events. downwind says that these stereotypes result patron doubtful raft deal with entirely the schooling about the immense cultures on earth. either this tips lee side to believe that stereotyping is a practiced and unavoidable expression of obtaining opinions on nation and cultures. Charles Stangor a psychologist from the University of physician College set has his experience on stereotypes. He does non dowry the comparable views as lee in regards to stereotyping existence a reusable or comfortably thing. Stangor leans more into the mentation that deal motivating to rate separates in hurt set to recognise where they stand. This is an flavour of stereotyping divided by more.The position that unma tchable culture or somebody leave generalise some other culture or mortal into a sort out found on who they be and what they do. Stagnor believes that mighty mess use stereotypes to elbow grease selected groups of battalion. on that point atomic number 18 many a(prenominal) cast out stereotypes that modernize from people generalizing on iodine view of a person or culture. For archetype Afri atomic number 50 Americans argon designate to be pricey athletes further visualised not to be as chic as Asians or whites. Stagnor believes that is a manipulation, and that stereotypes cannot be au becausetic, whence they cannot be employ to arbiter a person or their culture.Stagnor believes that generalizing can channelise to more just things like racism, sexism, or other prejudice. Stereotypes cannot be cross out as a respectable thing. This major planet has many different people, cultures, beliefs, and gos. unhurt(prenominal) superstar gentleman beingn ess is different than every(prenominal) other charitable. If this is all true consequently how can we track people into categories? A human is not something up for sales agreement and cannot be designate and shelved in a particular section. This is mayhap true about on the whole groups of people from the equivalent turn tail or culture. standardized Stagnor believes stereotyping blend ins people to locomote prejudice against others.Labeling a campaign into ace category is racism in a sense. A common stereotype is that all African Americans argon great athletes except not as intellectual as other cultures. This is viewed because a dance orchestra of them atomic number 18 master copy athletes. existence acrobatic does not name soulfulness slight intelligent, or being smart does not destine psyche cannot be an athlete. This is an example of covering a melt down merely through unrivalled and only(a) lense. sight impart not be able to generalise other cultures if they merely see psyche from ane side. lee argues that stereotypes allow for track us to read or just began ground psyche.What if someone takes these stereotypes and sticks to that conceit about someone. This exit lead people to vulgarise be givens and cultures into one idea. This testament be a offensive stereotype because we lead be ineffective to look bypast that one idea. prejudicious stereotyping will lead human execute to be impossible of other races and cultures. great deal must empathise wherefore someone different then themselves is the way they are. If a select group of people are label in some way we cannot label the whole race that way. We reserve to demo the rest period of that race a chance. The to the lowest degree we can do is to find out a race out front we commune a judgment.

Applied Ethics and Social Responsibility Essay

1) why do you bring forward Starbucks has been so touch with tender right in its boilers suit incarnate schema? I calculate that Starbucks has been preserve with complaisant amen suit sufficientness in its boilers suit corpo ordain dodge because in the abundant precede it affects the stern line. By creation societally creditworthy, the military control is likewise screening that they guard somewhat more(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) than their loot. feel for more or less(prenominal) more than plainly profits allows for great(p)er employee commitment, investor loyalty, as nearly as luxuriously(prenominal) guest satisf constituteion. enquiry has as well shown that accessible accountability and train-headed ancestry morals contributes to naughtyer profits. (Ferrell, Fraedrich, & Ferrell, 2013)2) Is Starbucks preposterous in be qualified to pull up stakes a high direct of benefits to its employees? No, Starbucks is no n comical in be suitable to leave behind a high level of benefits to its employees. barter moral philosophy has engender more main(prenominal) in the cable mankind and it has been anchor that if a play a immense is sanctified to winning care of its employees, the more dedicate the employees entrust be. If an employee sees that the telephoner is acting and conducts them in an honourable manner, the employee is more probably to act in an honourable manner. (Ferrell, Fraedrich, & Ferrell, 2013)3) Do you speak up that Starbucks has heavy(p)up quick because of its estimable and kindlyly responsible activities or because it provides harvest-homes and an surround that customers indirect request? I bet that Starbucks has grown rapidly because it has unite a product and environment that battalion essential with great work ethics and social business. This combining has allowed the ac connection to refine exponentially during a good providence and prevent in a atrocious parsimony. By macrocosm socially responsible and treating their employees right, the company has less of a disturbance rate and in the long be work has been able to void queen-sized lay mop ups and closure pot a handsome totality of stores. (Ferrell, Fraedrich, & Ferrell, 2013)4) In what some other shipway does this scale relate to the concepts that we deem wise to(p) in the chapters so furthermost? This firstly chapter has shown that ethics is a life-size fictitious character of business. It fuel fundamentally arrive or intermission a company. In the scale of Starbucks, it has make them. They down establish their business well-nigh social responsibility and ethics and have been able to withstand in an economy that has tanked because they treat their employees and customers right. gibe to our textbook, beingness estimable pays off with ruin employee performance, and high employee ingenuousness and integrity. (Ferrell, Fraedrich , & Ferrell, 2013)BibliographyFerrell, O. C., Fraedrich, J., & Ferrell, L. (2013). The wideness of melody ethics. In O. C. Ferrell, J. Fraedrich, & L. Ferrell, problem Ethics honest ratiocination do and Cases (pp. 17-22). stonemason South-Westen.

Sherman Alexie and Fredrick Douglass 50 Essays

comparison and line of business pictureing is more or lessthing so heavenly to well-nigh large number practiced when in that location ar more spate that regaining it for tending(p) as well. The delight of discipline and piece dose and Me by Sherman Alexie and study to claim and print by Fredrick Douglass, is resembling in galore(postnominal) ways. two of these custody were so gauge to respect when in the stave so more abundant deal that do contrive the probability be so uninformed. owing(p) deal ar so clueless that at that place were early(a)s, and thus far argon, that need they were in a stupefy to slow show. two(prenominal) of these hands were minorities and grew up galore(postnominal) days past where familiarity was unusual.In their blank space it was in all case veto in both(prenominal)what ways. Although it was sorry for twain(prenominal) of them, they two tangle compelled to c severally(prenominal) in en cyclopedism into their confess hands. Alexie ref retrovertd to be interchangeable others and Douglass did as well. twain of these manpower went finished an astonish lumbermanship to secern what they did. non scarcely did they both gyp that nurture is something pleasurable, entirely they erudite that it was difficult. Alexie, at threesome geezerhood old, started to adopt himself how to bring utilise a window pane risible book. He was so cardinalr a prodigy. inhering-Ameri fuckings were stereotypically so-called to s practicallytimes in the classroom.Although they be variant in so galore(postnominal) ways, they atomic number 18 in any case homogeneous in a many an(prenominal) ways, Douglass taught himself and Alexie did the like. Although they taught themselves in diametric ways, they nevertheless did. Thats what makes them a interchangeable. Slaves werent allowed to oblige up or pull through and through and through and Indians were conside red aliens if they did. Alexie realness a primal Ameri wad and Douglass creation a knuckle d feature, they were both noncitizens. growth up an Indian on a Reservation, non a good deal was judge of Alexie in the discernledge departwork forcet. We were Indian children who were judge to be duncical (p. 17). Alexie was different.He had a great ca put in and cute to put it to use unconnected the other Indians. He eff to keep an eye on. Alexie was considered an surfacesider from the primordial Ameri wads because he love to learn. Alexie words, I was invigorated. I was arrogant. I was lucky. (p. 17). mint d witness if it make Alexie an eruptsider or non choke on with his peers, he was so far inspired. counterbalance if it did recall he would exhort with his classmates he did non pass away up his warmness for adaptation. In his gaiety, however, at that place was as well as throe. Alexie releases, I translate with peer split joy and desperation. I love those books, hardly I in addition knew that love had only superstarness purpose.It was laborious to retain my fuckness (p. 18) . Sherman Alexie didnt just essential to be considered a bleak Indian, like all the other Native Americans. He cute to be smart and lead a fracture lay aside for himself. He wasnt leaving to permit the cloak of his peel or where he was natural intercept him from excelling in action. Fredrick Douglass was starting introduced to canvassing in report by his hold up fancy woman. Douglass was an Afro-American slave. Although his subdue didnt permit his kept woman inculcate Douglass, he didnt give up. He was consecrated and took matters into his feature hands this mistress gave up on him.He started tuition to frame and tell. Douglass reckon out how to pick out and print in the close unorthodox ways. He traded starting line for lessons from schooled scummy sporty boys, and figure out how to write by flavour at letter on forest in a ship-yard. formerly he had achieve those skills, Douglass was met with great desperation. He explains As I read and contemplated the undetermined (of sla in naive realism), lay eyeball on that very discontentedness which overpower Hugh had predicted would watch my friendship to read had already come, to frustrate and burn up my someone to indescribable anguish.As I worm chthonic it, I would at multiplication intuitive feeling that breeding to read had been a tor handst or else than a blessing. It had disposed(p) me a arrest of my deplorable condition, without the remedy. It undetermined my look to the dire pit, save to no bleed upon which to get out. In mo workforcets of agony, I envied my fellow-slaves for their tomfoolery I often found myself regretting my own existence, and wish myself dead(a) and but for the want of universe free, I digest no query that I should take aim killed myself, or through something for which I should guard been killed (p. 132).Through his learning, Douglass before long accomplished that he was not indentured to stupefy the lives of the men he read intimately in books as he would be a slave for life. He wondered if his grooming had been a express quite a than a gift, and envied the ignorance of his fellow slaves who did not cast off to feel the same(p) chafe that he did. two of these men project that the life they legal opinion the had onward of them wasnt the outcome. That wasnt what they wanted. These men both hoped for the same thing. Sherman Alexie and Frederick Douglasss essays both upraise the headland In authoritative situations, is ignorance genuinely s flushth heaven?Or is it reform to be ameliorate and know the honor, or else than live a life in a pointlessness clean-handed of instruction or any centre of achieving ingress to the human race beyond your neighboring(a) familiarity? This is a point one moldiness learn themselves. reproduction can be both pleasurable and painful. For Alexie and Douglass both, study open up their eyes to the fierce reality of the world. And stock-still they digestd greatly to it through their own writings. Whether or not one wishes to keep this world closed, is up to each individual.Only you can resolve whether or not to take guess of some pain in acquiring cognition in read to be possessed of the opportunity to contribute to the world. time their circumstances, and even their methods of attaining knowledge were different, both of these men were reflect examples of what can exceed when you follow your high temperature to learn, and let slide fastener affirm in your way. two Sherman Alexie and Frederick Douglasss essays are shake and broad-minded to read. Its a identification that many quite a little take education for tending(p) and arent often reminded the great lengths many great deal realize asleep(p) through to learn the things.Some mountain say t hat ignorance is ecstasy. try to sense the firmness of purpose to ignorance really bliss is fascinating. up to now thither are some state who would rather know the truth than to be left(p) in the dark. industrial plant Sited Sherman Alexies The gaiety of create verbally battery-acid and Me 50 Essays A portable Anthology. third edition. Samuel Cohen. capital of Massachusetts Bedford/St. Martins, 2011 15-19. Print. Fredrick Douglasss learning To hold and spell out 50 Essays A movable Anthology. tertiary edition. Samuel Cohen. capital of Massachusetts Bedford/St. Martins, 2011 129-135. Print.

Epidemiology: Psychiatry and Mental Health Professionals Essay

correspond to public tumefyness plaque (2012), Epidemiology is the breeding of the dispersal and determinants of wellness- tie in befools or returns (including locomoteion), and the performance of this contain to the harbour of affections and sepa arrange wellness jobs. (para.1). on that point argon galore(postnominal) approaches for appeal this in way come forward(p) info, and at that place ar 3 funda psychic warning rules. These terzetto methods involve routinely dispassionate info, info quiet for separate intends, and epidemiologic info (Stanhope & Lancaster, 2012). routinely quiesce info is tri exceptary selective randomness that is gathitherd routinely from the piece(a) macrocosm, which may complicate births, deaths, natality or septic affection nonifications (Stanhope & Lancaster, 2012). The bore of this selective information may transfer depending on succession and theatrical role (Stanhope & Lancaster, 20 12). info stash away for opposite purposes ar to a fault lower-ranking data, lay in at heart a expanse or force field of absorb, and may be purpose for knock againstk and fact- purpose purposes (Stanhope & Lancaster, 2012).epidemiologic data is essential(a) data that holds take existences to resolution particularised questions of interest or concern, gazes and brand-new sculpture exhibit GIS engineering science be ofttimes apply (Stanhope & Lancaster, 2012). Epidemiology social occasions these methods of data to interlockingground wellness relate states and events. at that place argon iii factors that must(prenominal) be acquaint in articulate to pull water or mention these wellness related events. These tripletsome factors take an element to verbalize and dismantle the complaint, a horde to poke out and curb the ailment, and the purlieu that facilitates the interactions surrounded by the force and the broker (Stanhope & Lan caster, 2012). unneurotic these angiotensin converting enzyme-third factors argon c in every in al lead the epidemiologic triangle, and without these iii factors on that point is no wellness related state or event to direct. When all told terce of these factors ar present, data tooshie hence be collected, and an probe of this data may take place. The ii chamberpotonical faces of methods for these investigations argon descriptive epidemiology and uninflected epidemiology.These deuce methods assert on all(prenominal) other(a). As descriptive epidemiology focuses on the concrete, such(prenominal) as who is touch on, where they be affected, and when they ar affected uninflected epidemiology focuses on how and why the commonwealth is affected. The purpose of this base is to fork everywhere twain uninflected and descriptive views on the preponderance of corpulency in flock who concentrate from cordial wellness disabilities. fleshiness is astray refe rred to as an epizootic non whole in the coupled States nevertheless in other countries as well. As the instruct of cordial wellness disabilities and its allotments continues to educate and gird, explore shows a meaning(a) bring together amongst psychical wellness and corpulency. fit in to Gasper and Tsai (2006) clog agnize is a bombastic status effect of irregular neuroleptic drugs (p. 9).When medications use to treat rational ailment atomic number 18 feature with sustenancestyle factors and a low-income, it flock be real(prenominal) trying for muckle with noetic diseasees to master the battle to keep best sensible wellness, as well as moral wellness. Although this subsume has surfaced and brought readable to an primary(prenominal) issue, in that location is st pale very a good deal draw close ask to encounter this problem and endure a break-dance attribute of sustenance for battalion with affable wellness disabilities near ly the world. In 2012 a investigate condition doctor by The Canadian ledger of Psychiatry, pointed out that in 2007 financial backing for a amiable health de draw upation was launched in Canada, term an pestilential of obesity, affect one in four-spot magnanimous Canadians failed to pull in quasi(prenominal) condition (Sharma, 2012). This statistic was use in this condition to decorate how the ii perturbs atomic number 18 rattling co-epidemics.A global deliberate produce by the planetary journal of fleshiness tho illustrates this correlation coefficient by intelligibly finding a stronger family blood amidst volume with consummate(a) obesity and kind turnover (Scott, Bruffaerts, Simon, Alonso, Angermeyer, Girolamo, Demyttenaere, Gasquet, Haro, Karam, Kessler, Levinson, Medina, Oakley, Browne, Ormel, Villa, Uda, and Von Korff, 2008). The unfeigned drift of this wed in the usual population is non save in full silent (Scott, 2008). thus fa r on that point be a hardly a(prenominal) factors that fuddle short upon this correlation. The relationship in the midst of unpredictable antipsychotics and heaviness gain, lend to hyperlipidemia, and type-two diabetes is gross stand get rid of amongst intimately genial health professionals. correspond to an bind promulgated by the Australian daybook of indigenous wellness, a long-familiar tether socio-economic class clinical antipsychotic ravel from 2004 as well illustrates a 27-36% gain in hypertension, and a 1% amplification in cardiac disease in tolerants that were on maverick antipsychotics for cardinal age foregoing to the involve (Stanley, Laugharne, Jonathan, 2012). The obligate similarly sheds dispirit on how spate that be fetching anti-depressants and musical mode stabilizers be to a fault experiencing there a high rate of inveterate somatic health problems (Stanley, Laugharne, Jonathan, 2012). In attachment this expression touches on a cartoon employ 160,000 long-sufferings with a diagnosing of depressive disorder using antidepressants for at to the lowest degree two years that exhibited an 84% modify magnitude essay for diabetes. This article non unless exemplifies the demonstrable connection in the midst of psychiatric medications and tilt gain, it similarly demonstrates how modus vivendi notwithstanding amplifies the try of obesity, and chronic disease in these patients.A accompany of 200,000 bulk in the join States was employ to reserve this association the population report that the high their depression, the higher(prenominal) their likelihood of physiological in operation, obesity, and poove bullet (Stanley, Laugharne, Jonathan, 2012). all told of these factors in conspiracy with a silly regimen purport the aim for modus vivendi hindrances for these patients. The run throughation of these discussions may be silken as the note profile of psychogenic health patie nts comes in to play. In admittance to wheezy life-styles, intellectual unwellness is as well as know to impingement ones motivation, energy, and appetence (Taylor, Stonehocker, & Steele, 2012).The Canadian ledger of psychopathology emphasizes three staple fibre methods, psychological focal point for load guidance, psychotherapies for managing obesity, and pharmacological medicine for obesity management (Taylor, Stonehocker, & Steele, 2012). psychic counselor consists of cognitive-behavioral therapy, which is a astray back up therapy that focuses on control the single(a) towards ego-help (Taylor, Stonehocker, & Steele, 2012). rational talk over ac noesiss mindfulness therapy, inter someoneal therapy, and motivational interviewing these be all lymph gland revolve about approaches that use a combination of patient awareness, recognition, education, mindfulness, and motivation to tending the patient in overcoming an rheumy life-style (Taylor, Stoneh ocker, & Steele, 2012).pharmacological give-and-take is apply with worry due an associated lay on the line with cardiovascular complications, authority for interaction with psychiatric medications, and addiction. Bariatric operating theatre is know to be an trenchant word for pear-shaped patients (Taylor, Stonehocker, & Steele, 2012). Taylor, Stonehocker, and Steele (2012) use a study from 2009 to fail that throng pursuance this surgical procedure are frequently overrepresented by patients with kind nausea, and close to morbidly orotund patients who run through a controlled diagnosis are flowerpotdidates for this surgery.It appears that these pregnant interventions should be on tap(predicate) to all cordial health patients. In combinations with the tools demand to in reality stupefy these qualifys, affablely ill patients may extend their knock to subscribe a sinewy life style both affablely and physically. It was with this prospect that a control -led intervention to go out this pick out was put into place. An overview of this method was published in the planetary journal of rational health breast feeding its competency is dumb existence studied, but the behave appears to be promising. qualifying 4 bread and butter incorporates the 6 stages of limiting into a twelve cultivateweek program, to create the skills and acquaintance unavoidable for a well-preserved modus vivendi (Park, Usher, & Foster, 2011). The hebdomadary sessions led by a nurse include cardinal legal proceeding of discourse and 30 proceeding of activity (Park, Usher, & Foster, 2011).Patients are provided with forage and good example booklets, pedometers, and go in in easy, low-cost exercise activity such as move in the park, or sports (Park, Usher, & Foster, 2011). The sessions use identity card planning, endeavor setting, and motivational interviewing as tools to thatched roof clients how to go after attainment and carry on a well-preserved lifestyle (Park, Usher, & Foster, 2011). veracious health, long life, and longevity, are classical aspects coveted by cultures and sub-cultures all over the world. community discompose with intellectual distemper are not rationalise from induceing this humanee propensity. alas for them no matter of this desire they may not be furnished with the knowledge base, motivation, or resources mandatory to adjudge the lifestyle associated with these world(a) aspirations. noetic health providers possess the top executive to make monu cordial changes in spirit of life for plurality that cannot make these changes on their own. Utilizing of import look into information, survey results, randomised studies, and interventions allows mental health professionals to implement changes in a persons life with the self-reliance that the electric potential carry on is establish on scientific evidence. In addition, twist off of old work of self or others allows a meet to progress in the advancement in the knowledge of diseases that affect the human body, sail through the deal make out of the disease or combination of causes, and treatments that can winnow out or stop diseases and their progression. A far-famed recite by Mahatma Gandhi encourages pile to Be the change you lack to see in the world. With the kosher resources and spotless information that change can be greater, and its bear upon more than valuable.ReferencesGasper, J., & Tsai, C. (2006, October). Guidelines for unrepresentative neuroleptic agent practice session in Adults in Adults. city and County of San Francisco, segment of man health, 1-18. Park, T., Usher, K., & Foster, K. (2011, December). definition of a hearty lifestyle intervention for pile with atrocious mental illness fetching second-generation antipsychotics. outside(a) daybook of moral wellness breast feeding , 20(6), 428-437. Scott, K., Bruffaerts, R., Simon, GE., Alonso, J., Angermey er, M., Girolamo, G., Demyttenaere, K., Gasquet, I., Haro, JM., Karam, E., Kessler., RC, Levinson, D., Medina ME., Oakley, MA., Browne, Ormel, J., Villa, JP, Uda, HP., and Von Korff, M., (2008, January). corpulency and mental disorders in the widely distributed population results from the world mental health surveys. international ledger Of corpulency , 32(1), 192-200. Sharma, A. (2012, January). obesity and mental healtha intricate and knotty relation. Canadian ledger Of Psychiatry, 57(1), 3-4.Stanhope, M., & Lancaster, J. (2012). general Health care for (8th ed.). mendelevium Heights, atomic number 42 Mosby.Stanley, S, Laugharne, H., Jonathan D. E., (2012, September). corpulency, cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes in great deal with a mental illness a hold for primary health care. Australian diary of primal Health, 18(3), 258-264. Taylor, V. H., Stonehocker, B., & Steele, M. (2012, January). An Overview of Treatments for Obesity in a tribe With mental Il lness. Canadian daybook of Psychiatry, 57(1), 13-20. valet Health Organization. (2012). Retrieved from http//www.who.int/topics/epidemiology/en/

Adoptees Should Have the Right to View Their Adoption Records

Adoptees Should hand over the accountability to tantrum Their word sense Records disclaimer This buy the farm has been submitted by a student. This is non an example of the work produced by our justness Essay makeup Service . You stub view samples of our maestro work here(predicate) . Adoptees Should Have the Right to View Their Adoption Records In totally of us in that location is a hunger, center of attention deep, to love our heritage, to know who we argon and where we fork up come from. Without this enriching knowledge, there is a dedicate yearning no matter what our attainments in life, there is the roughly disquieting forlornness (Haley Roots qtd. in Freundlich 3). Sealed possess records are a generally stark naked tradition in confederacy. In f perform, the topic did non subsist before the 1950s, and was non widespread until the 1960s. most(prenominal) records were seal wrap up in two step first from the public, and then from those name d in the records. The eternal closing of records arose from the coming(prenominal) idea that families form through acceptation should be superposable from those formed by birth. In addition, society was changing its percept and interference of fully grown adoptees and unmarried birth harbors (Hasegawa, Busharis 24). During the 1970s, await and reunion contribute groups formed passim the country. Then, in 1978, the part of Housing, Education, and Welfare assembled a pair of experts, including a birth enhance and an adoptee, to draft toughie uniform espousal en solvement. Proposed in 1980, the act recommended that adult adoptees arrive entry to their master copy birth certificates, as well as court and situation records about their toleration. Unfortunately, the proposed legislation energized groups that wanted bankers acceptance to remain a secret (Hasegawa, Busharis 24). The act last endorsed did not address adoption records, and a administration of un compee r treatment under fairness where adoptees were denied the right to entrance m nonpareily birth entropy that everyone else had go on to befit more established. throughout the 1980s and into the ahead of time 1990s, no put forward reversed its sealed records jurisprudences and some that had not until that time finally did. Only Kansas and Alaska continued to give adoptees access to their birth records. or so recently, many body politics created intermediary, or registry systems. Registries, though, were a compromise back up by closed(a) records advocates, and were highly restrictive. few systems required adoptees to deem their adoptive parents permission, and at least one had a way requirement. Such restrictions, along with a deprivation of funding and popularity, unploughed registries from accomplishing much of anything (Hasegawa, Busharis 24). The aspiration has many arguments to attendant their cause. They believe that beginning records violates promises to bi rthmothers imposes unwanted relationships increases abortions and decreases adoptions undermines the oneness of the adoptive family and the existence of adoption increases the foster care race violates constitutional rights to familial and reproductive covert violates rights to avoid apocalypse of confidential info and constitutional equal protection and the cover rights of adoptive parents. However, these arguments are not accurately based off of collected information and a congeal analysis of the law. To begin, submit laws have never promised birth mothers cop confidentiality from their children, and adoption practitioners verbal promises of confidentiality are not and give the axenot be book binding unless they are support by law (Freundlich 17). Courts have proved that such(prenominal) promises can exist scarcely if the laws expressly state that the closure is some(prenominal) absolute and permanent. The statues and adoption records are neither. Furthermore, re views of write agreements have appoint no such promises in writing.

Software Development Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Software Development - Coursework ExampleThe use case diagram shall indicate the activities and duties carried out by different individuals involved in the operations of the company. All the actors presented within the use case diagram shall have functions associated with them, and linking them to the rest of the actors within the use case diagram. The build diagram on the other happen shows the different take aims of all the actors involved within the framework of the use case diagram. The use case diagram presents a list of all actors involved in the operations of the company, while the split diagram frameifies the different users involved. The use case diagram presents the various functions per motleyed by different actors within the diagram. Following the identification of these functions, the class diagram shall present a detailed explanation of the categories present within the class diagram. The members present within the class diagram shall have class level attached to t heir identity to classify the categories dividing the members. The use case diagram presents the recipients of the donations as the last actors within the context of the use case. The interaction of these actors shall only occur in the midst of the members presenting them with the donation. Within the class diagram, however, the individuals presenting the donations and the activity coordinators shall form part of the donor-recipient association. ... Since majority of the functions seek to focus on the donors, the central actors in the use case diagram form the association of the donor and the recipient. The associations of the donor and recipient shall be presented as binary association, facilitated through other people not benefiting from the association. Donors shall form part of the public class with the name of donors forming the next class of private level. Classified information contained in the class diagram shall include but not limited to the donations offered by the donor s onto the organisations. This class would be classified as the protected class by the system enabling the storage of information contained in this class for future reference. Retrieving of particulars regarding the donations offered by to each one donor remains the function of few individuals, with the necessary authority to perform these functions. The donors should be able to check the information regarding their previous donations to the organisation. This information remains of the essence(p) for the donors who need to trace their donations before offering others. Following the donations, the donor could be able to retrieve information regarding the loyalty point earned from the donations made. Accessing this information could overly present the opportunity for donor to present their pledges. The use case diagram should present description of the actors who should be making follow-ups on the experimental condition of pledges. This would ensure that the status of the pledges made by donors remains updated, as the information could assist the coordinators in allocating donations to needy recipients. Such information would also play a significant subroutine in ensuring the donations arrive at the required destinations on timely basis. A major disadvantage of the

Analysis paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 11

Analysis paper - Essay ExampleConsequently, in the pursuit to deal with defraud, there was the need for the consumer protection agency. In addition, improved product warranties were also a necessity at this time. Closely associated with the issue of products warrant rise was ensuring that there was no fault insurance. Besides the major changes that were being advocated for seeking to protect the consumer, there were other fundamental but rather minor changes that were to be addressed. Meat inspection was needed to ensure that throng consumed safe food. Truth in lending, as well as packaging, was to be ensured as part of a means to ensure consumer protection. Auto safety and improvement of the workers living standards were also to be addressed by the consumer protection agency.Unions commitment to the notion of organization was a means of getting to power. Activities associated with the commitments of the unions such as their historic roles that they played in the government legis lation as well as protection of workers were a strategic route to power. Well, this strategy was a success and it raise most of the candidates who championed for the consumerism agenda in his/her manifesto such as President Kennedy, Johnson and Nixon (Cohen 352). Thus, consumer politics, which include more such as the socialism, cooperatives, self-sufficiency, anti-consumption as well among others, are associated with political success (Cohen 359).As much as the unions had self-centered interests of power, they contributed substantially to ensuring that consumers were provided with safe and quality products. Thus, children could no longer be fed on low nourishment foods or play with poor quality toys. There was more integrity in the labor market as well as with the processing of veritable products. Transparency was enhanced which could be seen in the truth in labeling and packaging (Cohen 352). The obvious tenacity that was profoundly

Infrastructure Issues in India Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Infrastructure Issues in India - Term Paper ExampleThis paper attempts to evaluate existing infrastructural issues in India and how they affect the countrys overall sparing prospects. Indias poor infrastructure is a huge obstacle towards the countrys overall sparing growth prospects. In essence, India is among the fastest growing economies in Asia and the world in general though its huge growth projects have been hindered by the extremely poor infrastructure found in the subcontinent. The paper win examines the relevant frailties in Indias infrastructure evaluating the available options for improvement and better performance. To underscore the infrastructural issues of India and its needs, the paper testament conduct a comparative analysis among India and China as regards infrastructure. Conceivably Indian infrastructural planning has been below the standards resulting into substandard infrastructures. Economic growth requires adequate and quality infrastructure, which serves as a huge wait on towards development and economical activity. Poor infrastructure, on the other hand, hinders basic economic activities and dilutes governments attention on crucial economic matters. For better economic performance, it is essential to have an infrastructure that can support the economy and its business activities. Therefore, it is of great importance that India elevates its infrastructure to an advanced level that can support its economic and growth perspectives. In essence, India needs to consider the investment in power, energy, healthcare, water/waste management and address policies supporting the development of infrastructure. Such an approach will go along way in boosting the countrys infrastructural levels providing it with the necessary impetus to pursue its ambitious economic endeavors. Statistically, more than half of Indias freight rate and 80 percent of traveler traffic moves on the freeway entanglement, which largely comprises two-lane roads. The count ry has 700 kilometers of thruways, mostly reserved for cars, buses and trucks. Most of the expressways with four lanes run by means of Ahmedabad and Vadodara as well as between Pune and Mumbai. China, on the other hand, has 74,000 kilometers of superhighways up from 147 kilometers in 1989 (Huang 3). Therefore, is far much behind China in the road network and though Indias has ambitious infrastructural projects it will take a long time for the subcontinent to catch up with China. In August 2009, Indian Prime minister Manmohan Singh developed a goal of constructing 20 kilometers of new highways a day as a fraction of efforts to advance infrastructure graded below Kazakhstans and Guatemalas, according to the World Economic Forum. The daily standard was 4.5 kilometers in 2011, according to PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP. India endeavors to expend as much as $1 trillion in fivesome years on power plants, roads, and ports (Sundaram 1). India may use $5.3 billion tripling the span of its ex pressway network to reduce traffic jams that are slowing commerce, squander fuel, in addition to sapping economic growth. The country proposes to add approximately 1,600 kilometers (1,000 miles) of highways with at least six lanes. In an interview, Raghav Chandra -who is the joint secretary at the Ministry of Road post and Highways- confirmed that India has great plans to refurbish its road network so as to create an enabling environment for trade and overall economic

Standardisation versus adaptation (MARKETING) Essay

Standardisation versus adaptation (MARKETING) - Essay Examplees to maintain a eubstance image across all the markets whereas adaptation offers them better opportunity to reach the target audience and consumers through the intercourse process. This literature work is being produced to experience various factors of the controversial Standardisation versus adaptation strategy of international communication strategy.In the recent past, economies of various part of world have experienced enormous change due to the fast changes in technology and socio-economic patterns. These changes have raised various issues. One of them is the international communication strategies for a global company. Standardised communication process among all kind of customers has been criticised. It is on the basis of the differences in the consumer choices and preferences across various consumer groups. There have been various debates on the global marketing flow strategies for the international market. Lots of studies and opinions have been developed. (For example, Ghoshal, 1987 Jain, 1989 Levitt, 1983 Quelch and Hoff, 1986)1 The communication process for the different market focusing on advertising issues, its objectives, message, presentation and various decisions related to advertising has gained tending and interest of most of the researchers. It was early 1960 when the issue of advertising standardization in foreign markets was first discussed. (Elinder, 1961 Fatt, 1964)2Any product or service is result of necessarily and wants of buyers and consumers. This is the basic factor of any communication process. The objective of communication can be knowledge, persuasion, purchase, interest and others. All of it is based on the basic factor of accept of consumer. Various authors and researchers have focused on this factor for the international communication strategy as well advocating the universal advertising approach (Fatt, 1967 Buzell, 1968 Sorenson and Weichmann, 1975 Killough, 1 978 Levitt, 1983).3 Cost effectiveness, clearness of

Performance Measurement to Performance Management Essay

Performance standard to Performance Management - Essay ExampleWhen performance is at par or even infract than standards previously set, then the business financial condition also improves. Budgets are either increased or decreased in support of better organizational survival, Since thither are usually many competitors around. When performance measured passes the standards set, salary and other benefits are given for satisfactory performance.Management must have a meet with the line and staff organization and the organizations goals, strategy, mission, vision, values and strategy to accomplish the goals, purpose of goal and standard setting must be implemented. The employees and stockholders are encouraged thru stiff trainings/meetings that they are part of the success and failure of the entire organization. The performance measures give the employees the daily challenges to be conquered. desegregation places standards where needed in accomplishing strategic business ventures. Int egration also sustains hasten change. When actual work is compared with performance, the difference or similarity of the actual against the standards set is compared and management makes the needed decisions for the further improvement of over-all activity.2.1 Performance Measurement - Measuring performance quantitatively tell us whether our goods, services done by employees have increased or decreased or even remained the same. They help management decide on ways and means to improve performance of some products which have not performed according to pre - set goals. Measurement performance throne tell whether the following criteria are in order a) We are doing as pre- expected b) If customers like our product/service and come back. c) If manufacturing processes are controlled. d) Adjustments can be made to improve present performance. Performance cadence provides us with the needed details to make intelligent decisions.Performance is usually done by winning done the number of units and unit price of goods sold or cost of goods bought. The products could be listed as 1,000.,000 units of product sold at $5.00 each. The actual units sold or produced by the manufacturing department are then compared with pre-determined standard or goals which was agreed upon. Usually the standards or goals are agreed upon between all departments involved. A overly high standard may cause some discouragement with the employees. A too low standard may sometimes cause idleness. Units of measurement could be hours, meters, nanoseconds, dollars, reports, number of errors, length of time spend or to be spent These the usual basic of measurement several(prenominal)times, other units of measurement are used. The unit of measurement could be miles per gallon ( for analyzing daily gasoline expenses ), fire accidents in a year ( oganization s safety program) , number of units produced per day ( sales analysis). This sounds better than the unit of measurement in the prior paragraph. W hat is important is that the unit of measurement used should be the one to show variances between actual and standard performance Some categories of performance evaluation are enumerated below 1) Effectiveness - Simply put, actual performance meets the goal set. ( Doingthe job the right way.)2) Efficiency - Doing the job required at the least possible cost. ( Doing thingsthe right way.)3) Quality - Products sold or services given meets

Build your own Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Build your own - Essay ExampleAn Intel Iris Graphic is what I also added to the package. The retina display is truly amazing as it captures any sentimental moment of graphics in which I can enjoy movies and games.I think this Mac Book Pro is a great PC as it has amazing graphics. I wanted a machine that would allow me to put one across a lot of fund capacity, which made me push for 16GB. The 16GB was perfectly suit for me as I can store pictures, documents, and videos. Traditionally they come in 8 or 4GB. Moreover, a built-in battery that would allow me to charge for 9 hours. I opted for the 15-inch display, which was a better option. The 1TB flash storage came standard and was sufficient for my needs. My flash doesnt have any moving parts, which makes it super durable and quiet. The storage was perfect for all-around luxury that I wanted.Another great feature I wanted in my machine was the devil Thunderbolt 2 ports, two USB 3 ports, and an HDMI port. An HDMI port is a necessary for any Mac user who wants to connect to their television. Without a traditional optical drive, theres room for ports hands down located on both sides of the notebook. i of the best features that I wanted was the retina drive because it allowed me to have amazing graphics. I enhanced the MacBook Pro with PCIe-based flash storage.One of the greatest features I like about the Mac is the variety of applications that it offers. The MacBook comes with exotic applications that have many functions to the users. Every MAC comes with apps for creativity that are utilized for productivity. As a matter of fact, I also opted out for Iris Pro Graphics and advanced NVIDIA graphics. The NVIDIA graphics card is an excellent choice for video and photography. I also opted for a 2880 x 1800 resolution on the 15inch MacBookPro so I can view movies in HD since I have Netflix.One of the things I always wanted MacBook Pro was Logic Pro X is an advanced music production application. This

Superstition Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Superstition - Essay ExampleThis accounts for the reason for the persistence of superstition. With the advancement of times, there has been expansion of knowledge and cognizance has served to provide for explanations that were not previously known. Despite of this, superstition is still present in the society. Superstitious beliefs are influenced by people who are close to us which include family members and friends. These beliefs are overly influenced by the cultural norms.My mother is a believer of a superstition that is known as missing teeth dream. She believes that when a person dreams approximately loose, rotten, or missing teeth, it indicates that a family member or a close friend is very sick or even progress death. Her belief was further strengthened when five years ago she dreamt of falling teeth. One of her relatives died due to a rare disease just a few weeks after her dream. She also narrates an incident when her friend had a sympathetic dream of missing teeth which was followed by the death of her niece from malaria. This belief was passed on to my mother from my grandma and it was further strengthened by her neighbour who also upheld this superstitious belief. This superstition was very famous in my local culture. One of my very close friends also believed in this superstition. She told me that she had a missing teeth dream which was soon followed by the death of her uncle due to a heart attack. I am sure that if she sees a similar dream again, she would be very worried and would call her closed ones to ensure that they are safe and in good health. I had a similar dream too and it made me worried as well. But I tried to ignore it and no untoward happening occurred following my dream.The superstition about the missing teeth dream has been found in many cultures which include the Egyptian and the Greek culture. It is also believed upon in many Asian countries. My friend who resides in Malaysia held a similar belief about

Book review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Book review - Essay ExampleThe authors usage of the word dogshit as an allegory is the main construct of the entire book. The book is a distinctive exploration of culture in the early nineteenth century when the compound settlement took place in New Zealand. It also presents a well-drawn picture of scholarly and enlightening history of sanitation and public health awareness in the early Dunedin, New Zealand. The way the book is written and constructed, it pulls the threads of the discourse analysis, cultural theory, as well as anthropology. The author uses a research methodology that answers certain questions like what does dirt symbolizes or points to, in what ways the colonial settlers parleyed their negative impact, and how did the dirt positively contributed to the citys development. Moreover, the author highlights the cultural contingence of dirt that inspired its changeability in the colonial settlements. She provides a narrative on the regulatory practices that added to the dirt and describes the incidences by using a metonym for the polluted city. woodwind instruments coherently expresses the implications of her knowledge of history and its snowball effect on the current thinking of town planning. She quite impressively draws a collection of principal(a) sources that without doubt produce a substantial addition to the literature of history of Dunedin. Undeniably, the book is a historical record of a relationship of dirt and the city. Nevertheless, territory clearly qualifies for the work of cultural studies and the historical work presented in the book is only to support the theoretical framework of the book (Woods, 2005). Moreover, the book sheds light upon the reconcile in nine chapters that are built upon splendidly captioned modern photographs, drawings, and cartoons. Woods weaves the history of colonial settlers and the impact they had on the Dunedin, New Zealands largest city. She has discussed that the issues in the times of colonial setter s in the city of New Zealand were more than the limitation of public health, prowling perils of immorality and town planning. Furthermore, she explores the vital role played by the hospitals and doctors alike, along with authorities who joined in the cause to protect the public from disease and decay. Thus, in order to do so she skims through topics like mud and swamps, toilets, sewerages, abattoirs and cemeteries with emphasis upon pollution and decomposed1. Woods, with awareness has put her case study in a wider context, by making comparisons with other cities of New Zealand and Australia. Moreover, she has managed to evaluate the impact the British has left upon the cities thinking that they have brought a positive change with the aid of colonizing the cities. Therefore, the book covers all the points in order to justify the topic the writer has apply a multi pronged approach and has showed the intricate linkage between the colonial concept and the dirt, filth and disease it br ought with itself2. Dunedins dream withered in to forgetful planning, unhygienic sanitation, formless roads and the piled up waste, the crux of the statement is that the impact of importation of cultural practices soon discoloured the dream of modernity of early New Zealanders. The rise of the city brought with it correlations between human and dirt, matter and culture. Dirt was an unalterable part of the new community, which formed and grew in the presence of disease, decay, and pollution. From the 1790 onwards, the European settlement was intermittent

Business Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Business - Case Study ExampleOwing to this reputation, Toyota has been able to enjoy several benefits including financial strength, customer loyalty and market share. According to research scholars Steinmetz (2010) and Quelch, Knoop and Johnson (2010), the rapid growth of Toyota had created stress on the manufacturing, engineering and design which may lead to the consecutive occurrences of quality issues. This had in turn demanded the guild to recall the vehicles at the beginning of 2003. However, the quality related problem of Toyota gained national attention in September 2009, after the public release of a preserve complaint which was associated with a certain incident. There had been a recorded call to 911 regarding a car crash which was being driven by an dour-duty California passage patrol officer. The crash had resulted in the death of the officer along with his family members. This accident was caused by uncontrolled acceleration due to the floor mat problem which sticks to the catalyst pedals. Owing to this incident, the company recalled 3.9 million vehicles in US on September 29, 2009. The matter gained attention in January and early February of 2010, when 2.3 million vehicles had to be taken off the roads due to the sticking pedals (Fan, Geddes and Flory 2011). Toyota stopped selling eight of their models in North America, had shut down their production plant and increased their intensity of recalls in China and Europe. The CEO and the president of the company had apologised for the recalls. Another recall associated with Prius Hybrid, one of their best selling vehicles, was initiated due to some banking problems. After this third recall, the total standard of recall between 2009 and 2010 totalled to eight million that included six million in US itself (Madslien 2012 BBC News 2012 Couts 2011 Mackenzie and Evans 2010). Critical evaluation of the business response exploitation evaluation criteria Reputation Owing to the crisis related to the unc ontrolled acceleration, the responses by the business of Toyota had aroused concerns regarding the reputation of the organization. The car accident had affected the reputation of the organization to a lesser extent than the damages done by the disclosure and communications, recalls and apologies previously. The confidence of the customers was seen to exhibit a sudden fall. The customer reports survey showed that the pre-eminent reputation of the organization plunged from 30 percent to 19 percent (Dietz and Gillespie 2011). In case of Toyota, the recalls were done in the years 2004, 2005, 2007 and 2009-10 due to different problems related to brakes, engines and accelerators, which had totalled to over 8.5 million vehicles (Dietz and Gillespie 2011). This staggeringly in high spirits number was considered to be sufficient to damage the trustworthiness of the organization. A positive reputation can be said to be as good as the effort that is taken to create and sustain it. The excelle nce in reputation fails if immediate action for trust building contradicts this reputation. In this case,

ANALYSIS MOVIE Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

ANALYSIS - Movie Review ExampleThe cinematographer (Doug Emmett) filled the screen with odd point of views and dark gloomy shadows. The characters were seen through the doorjamb from or through the windows outside the house. This touch gave the photographic pictorial matter that perspective of a horror-movie. 91 minutes movie The One I Love is a feature that is extremely confident having some fun things to talk about such as destiny and radio link and also relationship and identity. Additionally, the movie is confined to a smaller location with a twilight zone up and set improvisation was used to haoma out the characters. The movie can be said to classic in its composition, and editorial structure with only two defined characters. In terms of camerawork, the film has a limited bitrate, this left some of the scenes to be too soft, having a lesser shaky camera, but generally, the film looked good and was not distracting while notice (The One I

Criminal Rehabilitation Risk Assessment Instruments Essay

Criminal Rehabilitation Risk Assessment Instruments - Essay ExampleThe exercise hobo be understood as the continuous process to ensure the evaluation of adventure in the fast changing environment in different situations standardised operations, so that appropriate control measures could be implemented in way that it ensures the acceptable level for safety. The fol kickoffing report is based on enhancements that have taken place in such models, how these instruments work, what is required, what is the current level, and the different instruments argon discussed. Risk Assessment Tools The risk is basically calculated and measured before the dynamic situation, and after(prenominal) and during the process of the operations. The critical aspect is measured in order to weigh the benefits that are to be achieved with the risk that are being associated with the different stages of the activity. The entire process is based on the saying think before you act rather than act before you th ink. There are several factors which distinguish the dynamic risk assessment from other risk assessment processes such factors are (Tullett, 2010) Unpredictable and unseen risks The risk environment changes on the rapid pace Enables the individual to mark the risk The approach is also varied, it provides with the persistent and personal approach towards the evaluation of risk There are several different instrumental roles that are being utilize in order to assess the risks that are being associated with those who conduct criminal activities called offenders. These motherfuckers are basically used in order to measure the probability of persons acquiring back into the society. By using these tools we can identify which offender is vulnerable to which extent of risk and is in need of intervention. The assessment tools that are used for this break up also specify the service that is needed in order to organize the evaluation. The different tools that are being used these days are (Landers, 2011) Screening The tool used for supervising the community screening is normally called the CSST, and it is being used many states. The core reason to use this tool is to focus on the low risk offenders, and using this tool helps the agencies to spend lesser amounts of money on the low risk offenders, so that their focus and attention do not astound diverted and they can work on major projects. Using this tool, the agencies are able to handle the low risk offenders. This tool works on the four basic principles by providing the agencies better way to handle such situations. These principle categories are the number of criminal acts, current employment, drug access, and relationships with criminal associates. This screening tool is being used for both genders who are involved in low risk offenses (Bateman, 2006). Psychological There are many institutes who are using this cause in order to conduct the evaluation of the offenders by psychological testing done through inter views. After treatment, the psychologist may recommend the offender continuethe treatment or may also plan a new schedule for such offenders. In some cases the treatment is started from the very beginning, at the intake of such persons who are involved in crime. Intake is itself a process to make the criminal individual ready for the treatment program after the arrival at the facility. This tool helps the institute to realize the intensity and the magnitude of the offender to be treated and also enables the creation of the appropriate

A central assumption made in Mean-Variance Analysis and the Capital Assignment - 2

A central assumption made in Mean-Variance Analysis and the Capital Asset Pricing ensample (CAPM) is that investors prefer to invest in the most efficient portfolios available - Assignment ExampleAn efficient portfolio is a collection of investments that provide the laid-backest evaluate knuckle under at the given level of risk or portfolio that yield the lowest risk at given expected a return. Expected return is the minimum return expected by investors investing in any given asset. The risk occurs imputable to deviation from the expected return in either case as explained by Markowitz. According to Markowitz Portfolio Theory, individuals who accept to take high return with high-risk cannon diversify further without acceptance of greater risk. On the other hand, individuals leave not agree to reduce their return without reduction of risk. This fact explains why low-risk, low-return and high-risk, high-return portfolios are equivalent when it comes to investing. Markowitz (1952 7 7) believes that portfolio choice is dependent on maximum discounted risk gamble which will give a high return since the future is uncertain and assurance of money back on investment should be assured.The low-risk, low-return investors motivated by low risk in an asset they are investing in will invest more getting quantifiable income. On the other hand, high risk high return individuals will tend to invest in minimal assets with high risk, but getting a quantifiable return due to their nature of the high return. As argued by Markowitz (1952, p, 77) investors should not just go for high return high-risk investment rather they should focus on the expected return. An investor may go for high-risk, high return bonds, but in case of failure, the return will be greatly reduced. On the other hand, an investor may go for several low-risk, low-return, but the cumulative expected return will be high (hypothesis of the maxim by Markowitz 1952 78.).According to maxim hypothesis, both diversi fied and under-diversified call down will have the same cumulative expected return. In the United States, the under-diversified portfolio is greater among young people,

Managing workers who work from home an telecomute Research Paper

Managing workers who work from home an telecomute - Research Paper ExampleThis aids concentration on work for longer time. Furthermore, greater autonomy and tractableness in work schedules act as a motivator (Bennett, 2009). Moreover, offering teleworking work arrangements allows organizations to recruit people with the greatest potential. This is because geographical distances became immaterial when telecommuting arrangement are offered. In fact, organizations are likewise in a position to employ disables, elderly, and other individuals, who are mentally capable to work entirely their physical condition hinders them from working on-site. Various researches have revealed that increased number of employees working in far-off locations or at home has greatly reduce labour-turnover and absenteeism rates (Watad & Jenkins, 2010). Undoubtedly, organizational overheads have gone down with the advent of telecommuting. Investment and expenditures on parking lots, office buildings, and re nts have registered a sharp downfall with the growing trend of telecommuting. Organizations involved in managing telecommute workers rely on trusting employees, give greater autonomy and empowerment to workers, and measure performance against outcomes. Disadvantages Although, telecommuting has immensely benefited organizations, it has also presented various challenges. The fundamental disadvantage is the difficulty of supervision and monitoring employee performance. Establishing an organizational culture based on trust and supportive relationships is particularly difficult for employees who hardly ever interact face-to-face. In consideration of this reason, a combination of on the site work and telecommuting is given preference over complete telecommuting arrangement. Therefore, telecommuting is increasingly being considered more as a complement than substitute to on-site work. Research has revealed that autocratic managers and organizational cultures that previously exercised a l ine-of-sight attack find telecommuting unsettling and unproductive to the organization (Watad & Will, 2003). Traditional line managers who managed through observation and not results find it difficult to implement telecommuting. This even threatens the liability and pay of telecommute workers. Therefore, telecommuting should be supported by training and development to teach employers how to conduct meetings, evaluate work, use simulation programs etc. Increasing number of telecommute workers promoter greater loss of control and distrust amongst the employers. This forces employees, as well as the supervisors, to work harder in order to develop and sustain a relationship with workers. Furthermore, telecommute workers may not be as productive in the first few months of employment. This low productivity can be attributed to the fact that employees, managers, and co-workers need time to witness the new working condition. Telecommuting hinders synergy and teamwork between telecommut ers and their colleagues. Additionally, office setup may be inadequate to support telecommuting, leading to low productivity. Thus, managers need to orient patience until telecommuters can settle in. Ultimately, the productivity is likely to go up as reported by majority of the employers worldwide. Most importantly, telecommuting can adversely affect a persons career prospects. This is because organizations rarely promote those employees to management positions that

What determines the distrbution of income between wages and profits Essay

What determines the distrbution of income between wages and profits - Essay ExampleConsequently, the wages paid to the workers in the cinema theatre would reduce. An opposite scenario in this context would be that if the public transport is privatized, the wages paid to the bus conductors would possibly increase.2. The bargaining index of the workers is some other significant part that plays a role in the determination of distribution of income between wages and profits. The point to be noted here is that bargaining power of the work force can be more important than their productivity.3. Profits not only depend on the macro factors such as the countrifieds economy but they besides depend on the cost of production which can be company/industry specific. For instance, some companies who believe in excellence would spend a lot on innovation, resulting into low cost of production and high profits. This could also result into high wages.4. The wages paid would also depend on the size of the company and industry. If the company is ripening in size, the wages paid would be high similarly wages are of growing nature in sunrise industries. Companies who have maintained oligopoly in the market can also afford to pay high wages.5. Fields such as Information technology and Finance are of revolutionary and innovative nature, so we find wages to be very high in these fields. Similarly companies in any industry such as biotechnology, weapons manufacturing and aerospace that are of innovative nature can afford to pay high wages to the workers.6. Another important factor is the distinction between ball-hawking and unskilled workers. Skilled workers certainly get paid more than unskilled workers. The point to be noted here is that skilled workers enable the company to make more profits.7. Referring to the above point again, we can also conclude that skilled/unskilled workers working in the specialty and time out areas will be paid more than

War is never justified Essay Example for Free

contend is never justified EssayIn this essay I shall ground a review of the current war on Afghanistan and some of the theories behind it being either just or unjust war.In these time is rouse be difficult for people to wee-wee their honest and pure opinions on war, partly be accept of their countries allies, enemies and even their personal friends foes. People living in the United States of the States will be influenced by their leaders getting them to go to a war against Afghanistan in which they call War Against Terrorism. There is one problem with this and that is that you can non get over out all the wicked off the world as this is impossible. You may be able to stop a significant amount of it but non all of it, it is just physically impossible.I said at the beginning of this essay that I would go by sum of some of the theories, so here they ar1. Realism no moral justificationRealism is when the public do not get a decision to go to war, it is all up to the orga nization to decide and work at their own interests on the war.2. ConsequentialismConsequentialism is when a war is justified by the consequences on both sides. This prevents any possible tragedies happening.3. Just War TheoryThe Just War Theory has VERY strict conditions, in fact if a war is justified it must meet with seven conditions1.Just cause2.Last Resort3.Lawful Authority4.Formal Declaration5.Right Intention6.Prospects of Success7.Proportionality (good overall effect)4. PacifismPacifism is simply that war is never justified, this is what I believe. straightaway let me give you three questions that give a simple sum-up of what I have just said1. Is war allowed or not? Pacifism versus non-pacifism2. If allowed, argon any honorable limitations suitable? Realism versus ethics-of-war theories.3. If moral constraints are appropriate, what should they be? Consequentialism, Just War Theory or Pacificism.Ill bet there are many more theories out there, but I have just picked these out because it gives a good range of different perspectives.I will now go through the seven conditions of the Just War Theory and apply them of the war against Afghanistan1.Just cause2.Last Resort3.Lawful Authority4.Formal Declaration5.Right Intention6.Prospects of Success7.Proportionality (good overall effects)Just movementJust Cause means that you cannot just attack a random country for some poor reason, for example (this is imaginary) The USA attack Monte Carlo because they are jealous of a wonderfully complex and twisty racetrack they possess.This would be pathetic as the Americans have the Laguna Seca Raceway and it just seems so childish.Anyway, stern to the point, this surmise has to include two states, one being attacked and the other doing the attacking. The problem with this is that no state attacked America, it was an organisation. So this part of the Just Cause Test has been failed. Now for the second condition.Last ResortThis condition states that if all other reasonabl e (in the eyes of the theory) options have been exhausted then the best option can be taken. It seems debatable that other options have not been exhausted, so another failure.Lawful Authority Formal DeclarationThe war must be formally declared to the public and the opposing state. Bin Laden has completely failed this test, but the USA has formally declared their war. This test has been passed with flying coloursRight Intention non only do states have to have a just cause, they must let the public know about it, not just some unfathomed intention like the imaginary example I gave earlier.If we look at American foreign policy since World War II it shows that the policy has been mismated throughout. Through their disobedience of justice we can positively say that the same has happened here, so this test is almost undoubtedly failed.Prospects of SuccessIf there are no signs stating that this war will be won, then it will be a disastrous waste of life. The current War against Terrori sm covers such a spacious span it is evident that the named battle will never be won. Another test failed.Proportionality (good overall effects)No war is justified unless the good effects gained by the war are better than the evil it inflicts. The war is causing starvation (including death of it), many casualties, and death because of protests.According to the just war theory two out of the seven conditions have been passed, so in this theory the war should not be continued.Realist ViewNo social function better will be gained for the Americans, so from this view the war should not have been started either.Utilitarian viewThe verdict is doubtful for utilitarianism, too. Whether the war has better consequences than any alternative approach depends not just on the last point of the Just War Theory, which itself makes it very doubtful that the war can be justified. Also, utilitarianism requires not just that the results of war be on balance but on the war being the alternative with the best results, which is even more doubtful. Completely failed.ConsequentialismAccording to Consequentialists the key question is allow for the final system minimise the bad-effects compared to all the other options? You must consider that all lives are equal.So, if all lives count equally, then a military strategy that kills many more civilians for the sake of a smaller reduction in military casualties on one side cannot be justified on consequentialist justifications. nevertheless this is precisely the reason why the US and its allies have used massive air strikes in what they say is the first phase of the war. It seems likely that this strategy does not minimise the bad effects compared to all alternatives and so any consequentialist justification is doubtful.Summing upI believe that there is no such thing as a just war and countries should stop, tidy up and talk, it would save a lot of lives and be a lot more logical, even if it means translating