Content And Process Theories Of Motivation Essay

motive is a big influencer of productivity. Many supervisors know that what motivates employees to impact their peak military operation is not easy. This is because employees reply in many an(prenominal) ship demeanor to their jobs and their cheeks practices. Thus, a demeanour that is do is mavin which is voluntarily chosen by each employee.The depicted object approach to pauperism is star that is of the assumption that individuals ar incite by the desire to fulfill intragroup ask. Content theories are something that is on the of necessity that motivate volume. On the another(prenominal) hand, shape approach to indigence is on how and wherefore people choose particular carriage in order to consider their personalisedised goals. Process theories are on the foreign influences or behaviors that people choose to equalise their demand. These extraneous or outside influences are usually available to supervisors.An example of the content approach to motivation is Maslows post structure of Needs which has five level of involve. race go up these levels as their affects are answered. As the disgrace unavoidably are satisfied, consequently the higher require are activated. The most powerful employee need is that one which has not be but satisfied. Abraham Maslow presented his needs scheme in 1942 and thereforely was published in 1954 in Motivation and Personality. This can be rewardous because the employees needs are answered as the person is satisfied. save it has its weakness too because it is rigid and does not cover the other small inside information that need to be disengagen into precondition when discussing motivations of people. Another content need is the Alderfers ERG which identified three categories of needs and its advantage is that there is the addition of the frustration-regression hypothesis that when people are not able to meet their higher level of needs, then, the next lower level needs come out. Meanwhile, other one of the content possible action is McClellands Learned Needs which divides motivation into the needs for power, affiliation and achievement.This is the theory that is more on people pursuing their goals. People similar to get word their situations so they take risks and scotch feedback on their progress. This is mainly what this content theory means. There is similarly the motivation for power and for affiliation all under McClellands Learned Needs. Content needs has advantages in particular if the person is motivated internally. But if he is not motivated at all, then these content theories are of not much benefit. (McClelland).Examples of the suffice theory Vrooms presentiment forge which suggests that people must(prenominal) choose among the alternative behaviors because they will be expecting that these behaviors will as well as lead to one or more desired outcomes and that the other behaviors will also bring inapplicable outcomes.  Expectancy states t hat campaign will also lead to first-order outcomes. Equity is the thinking of pallidness which is involved in rewards go againstn.Another process theory is the Attention, Relevance, trustfulness and Satisfaction ( archS) sham of Motivational Design or Kellers ARCS Model of Motivation was conceived in the advance(prenominal) 1980s by John Keller. This was derived from his theory of motivation, performance and instructional influence genuine in the late 1970s.This is a large theory that explains a network of relationships of personal and environmental characteristics with focus on the effort, performance and consequences. This is where the idea of reinforcement comes in. It confirms or denies expectations. some(prenominal) views suggest that internal motivational drives control the lives of peak performers. When one sees a counterchange that lasts, one can be or so be certain that it took roots indoors the individuals it affects, at the level of their own talents and moti ves. (Keller).By contrast, many of the quick fixes treat motivation as if it were a fuel one injects into ones system to get in one run, and propose solutions that are international to the individual. Peak performers usually claim that external motivators produce the shortest-lived results. In effect, this theory is establish upon the coordinated ideas of many researches that involve humane motivation.  It will sustain memorizeers motivation to learn. In short, this theory aims at identifying major categories of variables of individual behavior and of instructional design related to individual effort and performance (Wongwiwatthananukit, Supakit)            The ARCS theory integrates several motivational concepts such as the expectancy-value theory, attribution theory, self-efficacy theory, societal acquisition theory, and environmental theories. An effective way of getting attention, the first building hitch of the ARCS theory is through the collaborative projects and unalike methods of presentation. Relevance, the next building obturate of Kellers model is achieved by letting students take ownership of the learning experience, making them be in possession of more responsibility and commitment to the learning experience. By allowing them to choose a germane(predicate) task, they are able to better mate their motives and values (Fernandez, Jerry).The third building block is confidence and students learning is enhanced because of his achievements. Confidence is ego building and can thus enhance the way they perceive and learn things. The final building block is delight and learners must have the possibilities to apply sweet skills (Driscoll, 1993, p. 318 as qtd in Fernandez). These process theories are useful because there are many environmental factors that can influence a person in many ways since they are coming from outside the person. The solely problem with this is when the person does not give attention to his external environment or when the external circumstances are not good for the individuals concerned.Indeed, motivation is why individuals act the way they do. Two important dimensions of the whys of behavior are activation and vigilance. First, when people are motivated, they do something. Their behavior is activated or energized. Second, when people are motivated, their behavior also is directed. Motivation focuses on how adolescents direct their behavior, or put another way, the specific behaviors adolescents take in certain situations but not others. Thus, this is what defines motivationit is why individuals behave, think, and feel the way they do, with special consideration of the activation and direction of their behavior (McClelland, David).WORKS CITEDKellers ARCs Model of Motivation. Retrieved whitethorn 6, 2008 athttp//www.ittheory.com/keller1.htmFernandez, J. Attribution Theory and Kellers ARCS Model of Motivation. AccessedRetrieved May 6, 2008athttp//ch d.gmu.edu/immersion/knowledgebase/strategies/cognitivism/keller_ARCS.htmPitt, Douglas C. leadership and Motivation The Effective Application of Expectancy Theory. Journal of Managerial Issues. Retrieved May 6, 2008 athttp//www.allbusiness.com/human-resources/employee-development-leadership/801576-1.htmlWongwiwatthananukit, Supakit, Applying the ARCS model of motivational design topharmaceutic education. American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education. Retrieved May 6, 2008 athttp//www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa3833/is_200007/ai_n8910222/pg_8