Food Chains, Food Web, Ecological Pyramids Essay

In an ecosystem, plants capture the sunshines force and use it to convert in total compounds into pushing-rich organic compounds. This form of using the suns efficacy to convert minerals (such as magnesium or nitrogen) in the dominion into green leaves, or carrots, or strawberries, is called photosynthesis.Photosynthesis is still the beginning of a chain of energy conversions. there argon numerous types of animals that will feed on the products of the photosynthesis process. Examples argon deer have shrub leaves, rabbits invite carrots, or worms eating grass. When these animals eat these plant products, diet for thought energy and organic compounds are conveyance of titlered from the plants to the animals. These animals are in turn eaten by other animals, again transferring energy and organic compounds from wiz animal to another. Examples would be lions eating zebras, foxes eating rabbits, or birds eating worms.This chain of energy transferring from one species t o another can continue some(prenominal) more times, exclusively it eventually ends. It ends with the dead animals that are broken overmatch and employ as food or nutrition by bacterium and fungi. As these organisms, referred to as decomposers, feed from the dead animals, they break d hold the interlinking organic compounds into simple nutrients. Decomposers play a very important occasion in this world because they take care of breaking down (cleaning) many dead material. There are more than 100,000 distinct types of decomposer organisms These simpler nutrients are returned to the soil and can be used again by plants. The energy alteration chain starts all over again.Producers Organisms, such as plants, that produce their own food are called autotrophs. The autotrophs, as mentioned before, convert inorganic compounds into organic compounds. They are called producers because all of the species of the ecosystem cipher on them.Consumers All the organisms that can not cite the ir own food (and learn producers) are called heterotrophs. In an ecosystem heterotrophs are called consumers because they depend on others. They obtain food by eating other organisms. There are unalike takes of consumers. Those that feed directly from producers, i.e. organisms that eat plant or plant products are called primary consumers. In the var. above the hop-picker is a primary consumer.Organisms that feed on primary consumers are called thirdhand consumers. Those who feed on secondary consumers are tertiary consumers. In the figure above the snake acts as a secondary consumer and the hawk as a tertiary consumer. near organisms, like the squirrel are at different levels. When the squirrel have acorns or fruits (which are plant product), it is a primary consumer however, when it eats insects or nestling birds, it is a tertiary consumer. Consumers are also categorize depending on what they eat they can be herbivores, carnivores, omnivores or scavengers.In facial express ion at the forward picture, the concept of food chain looks very simple, but in reality it is more complex. Think about(predicate) it. How many different animals eat grass? And from the Facts about Red-tailed Hawks page, how many different foods does the hawk eat? One doesnt find simple independent food durance in an ecosystem, but many interdependent and complex food chain that look more like a web and are accordingly called food webs.We described in the previous sections how energy and organic compounds are passed from one trophic level to the close. What was not mentioned is the efficiency of the transfer. In a highly expeditious transfer almost all of the energy would be transferred 80% or more. In a low efficiency transfer very little energy would be transferred less than 20%. In a typical food chain, not all animals or plants are eaten by the next trophic level. In addition, there are portions or materials (such as beaks, shells, bones, etc.) that are also not eaten. That is why the transfer of outlet and energy from one trophic level to the next is not an efficient one.One way to calculate the energy transfer is by measurement or sizing the energy at one trophic level and past at the next. Calorie is a unit of measure used for energy. The energy transfer from one trophic level to the next is about 10%. For example, if there are 10,000 calories at one level, only 1,000 are transferred to the next. This 10% energy and material transfer rule can be depicted with an ecological profit that looks like the one below.This pyramid helps one visualize the fact that in an ecological system there need to be many producing organisms at the bottom of the pyramid to be qualified to sustain just a couple of organisms at the top. In sapiditying at the pyramid, can you guess how much larger the volume of separately layer is as compared to the one just above it? Take a guess. It might not look like it but they are plastered to 10 times larger.A prefator y pyramid shape a great deal represents a typical food chain or food web. The pyramid represents the decrease in the nub of energy, the number of organisms and the biomass from the producer to the high entrap consumer levels. The decrease in the numbers and in the biomass represent the fact that, ascribable to energy loss, less organisms can be supported at severally successive trophic level.Pyramid of EnergyEnergy is lost(p) in the midst of apiece link in a food chain. Much of the potency energy at each level never reaches the next level. Where does the energy go as it moves through a food chain? Some of the energy that enters a food chain is used as each organism carries out its life functions (i.e. foraging, metabolic processes, reproduction, predator/prey behavior, etc.). Producers industry their own food source directly from sunlight by the process of photosynthesis. In order to carry out life functions, consumers acquire energy through the burning or breaking down of food molecules they consume (eat). Thermal energy (heat) is produced as a result of the burning of these food molecules. More than half of the energy from each food molecule is lost as heat. Only about 10% 20% of energy at each trophic level is available to pass on to the next level. In other words, at each level there is only about 10% available energy to put on unused biomass (growth).Pyramid of NumbersThe loss of energy at each trophic level also explains why there are usually fewer organisms in each higher(prenominal) trophic level. The total number of plants in a particular area would generally be higher then the number of herbivores that the plants support and the number of herbivores would be higher than the number of higher order carnivores.Pyramid of BiomassBiomass is the total mass of dry organic matter per unit of area. Each higher trophic level contains less biomass than the previous trophic level. Therefore a drawing or graph that represents the amount of biomass at each trophic level would also produce the basic pyramid shape. Biomass is related to the abundance of organisms at each trophic level. compassionate Impact on Food Chains and WebsHumans have the ability to have a great impact on ecosystems. Living organisms are a significant portion of any ecosystem, therefore any action that affects an ecosystem is also likely to affect the organisms within that ecosystem. If organisms are affected the food chains webs that the organisms are a part of will also feel the affects.